Understanding to Petroleum terms

bySarat Rout -
0

 The explanation you provided offers a solid overview of various petroleum-related gases and their differences. Here's a clearer summary of the key concepts and differences between them, based on your information:

Key Petroleum Terms and Their Differences

  1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

    • Short Form: LPG

    • Main Uses: Primarily for cooking (in kitchens), industrial purposes.

    • Normal Form: Liquid

    • Pressure: Slightly higher than atmospheric pressure.

    • Container/Storage Tank: Stored in LPG cylinders, Horton sphere, or bullet-shaped tanks.

    • Chemical Composition: Primarily a mixture of propane and butane.

    • Density: LPG vapor is heavier than air.

    • Reason for Form: LPG is a liquid that is stored in high-pressure containers to be used as a fuel source. It’s an efficient way to store gas in liquid form, as it takes up much less space.

  2. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

    • Short Form: CNG

    • Main Uses: Used primarily in vehicles and also in industrial applications like power generation and chemical production.

    • Normal Form: Gas

    • Pressure: Stored under very high pressure.

    • Container/Storage Tank: High-pressure containers (usually in vehicles).

    • Chemical Composition: Predominantly methane (90%).

    • Density: CNG is much lighter than air.

    • Reason for Form: CNG is compressed to reduce its volume so it can be stored and transported efficiently in high-pressure containers. It’s commonly used in vehicles and some industrial applications.

  3. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

    • Short Form: LNG

    • Main Uses: Used as a fuel for vehicles, in power plants, fertilizers, and chemical industries.

    • Normal Form: Liquid (at extremely low temperatures).

    • Pressure: Stored at low pressure but at very low temperatures (around -162°C).

    • Container/Storage Tank: Cryogenic storage tanks (for very low-temperature liquids).

    • Chemical Composition: Primarily methane, but can contain small amounts of ethane and other gases.

    • Density: LNG is denser than air.

    • Reason for Form: LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to a liquid state for easier storage and transportation. It’s used in remote areas or for long-distance shipping where pipelines don’t exist.

  4. Piped Natural Gas (PNG)

    • Short Form: PNG

    • Main Uses: Primarily used for residential cooking and heating, as well as in industries.

    • Normal Form: Gas (at relatively low pressure).

    • Pressure: Very low pressure (compared to CNG and LPG).

    • Container/Storage Tank: Delivered via pipelines.

    • Chemical Composition: Predominantly methane (90%) and sometimes small amounts of ethane.

    • Density: Lighter than air (similar to CNG).

    • Reason for Form: PNG is natural gas that is delivered via pipelines to homes and businesses. The gas is kept at a low pressure for easy flow and distribution.

  5. Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

    • Short Form: NGL

    • Main Uses: Used in various industrial applications and as raw material for producing petrochemicals.

    • Normal Form: Liquid (mixture of hydrocarbons).

    • Pressure: Stored at a low to moderate pressure depending on the form.

    • Container/Storage Tank: Typically stored in floating roof or cone roof tanks.

    • Chemical Composition: A mixture of hydrocarbons, typically including propane, butane, pentane, and heavier hydrocarbons.

    • Density: Heavier than air (like LPG).

    • Reason for Form: NGLs are liquids separated from natural gas during processing. They are used as raw materials for various industries and as fuel in some applications.

Answering Some Common Questions:

  1. Difference between CNG and PNG:

    • CNG is compressed natural gas stored at high pressure and is primarily used as a vehicle fuel.

    • PNG (Piped Natural Gas) is delivered through pipelines at lower pressures and is mainly used for residential cooking, heating, and industrial purposes.

  2. Difference between LNG and NGL:

    • LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is natural gas cooled to a liquid state for easy transportation and storage. It is primarily composed of methane.

    • NGL (Natural Gas Liquids) are a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons like propane, butane, and others that are separated from natural gas during processing.

  3. Is PNG vapour heavier or lighter than air?:

    • PNG vapour is lighter than air, similar to natural gas itself, which is primarily methane.

  4. Is the PNG leak detector installed at kitchen roof ceiling level correct?:

    • No, PNG (which is methane) is lighter than air, so the leak detector should be placed near the floor where any leaking gas would accumulate.

  5. Can LNG be stored in a Horton sphere tank?:

    • No, LNG is a cryogenic liquid and requires cryogenic storage tanks that can handle extremely low temperatures, not a standard Horton sphere tank.

Sr. No.

Properties

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Compressed Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas

Natural Gas

Piped Natural Gas

Natural Gas Liquids

1

Short form

LPG

CNG

LNG

NG

PNG

NGL

2

Main Uses

Cooking, Industry

Vehicle Fuel, Industry like Power, Fertiliser, Chemicals

Can be used as CNG, NG, PNG after gasification and lowering /increasing pressure, temp

Natural Gas can be converted to CNG, PNG, LNG

Kitchen as piped  gas

Energy fuel on combustion

3

Normal Form 

Liquid

Gas

Liquid

Gas

Gas

Liquid

4

Pressure

Slightly higher than atmosphere

Very high pressure

Liquefied on cooling (-162 deg C)  temperature, transported at 3 to 4 psi.  Pressure.

Higher pressure

Very Low pressure

Atmospheric pressure

5

Container /  storage Tank

LPG Cylinder, Horton Sphere, Bullet also can be Cryogenic

High pressure holding container

Cryogenic

Pipelines at higher pressure

Pipelines at lower pressure

Floating Roof / Cone Roof tank similar to  Gasoline

6

Chemical Composition

Propane, Butane or/and its mixure

Predominately Methane (90%)

Predominately Methane (90%)

Predominately Methane (90%)

Predominately Methane (90%)

Liquid hydrocarbons from C4 onwards, generally upto C12 but can go higher even upto C20

7

Density for comparison with air

LPG Vapour is heavier than Air

Natural Gas is much lighter than Air

 

 

 

Liquid like mixture of Gasoline and Kerosene

8

Reason for form

Easiest first use of semi liquid gases,

Obtain higher quantity of Gas in limited volume container like vehicle tank

Gas converted to liquid for storage and Ocean transportation.

Natural, Available from oil wells,  for simple transportation to Industry thru pipelines

Piped Gas for energy for kitchen and houses heating

Natural liquid hydrocarbons of Gasoline and kerosene range, these are separated from Natural Gas due to fall in  its pressure from  3000 psi (under ground) to say 10 psi at Gas collection centres.

 

 

 

 

After receiving at Port terminals, further degasified and used as CNG or PNG

 

 

 
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Sarat Rout

I deeply appreciate nature, seeing it as a reflection of the divine. I believe that God resides in the beauty of the world and in the efforts. I put forth, deepening my spiritual connection to the environment. I view knowledge as a powerful tool, one that opens doors to potential and inspires positive change. My dedication to serving all living beings stems from a compassionate worldview, where every creature deserves kindness and respect. This perspective transcends traditional boundaries, embodying a philosophy of stewardship and empathy. I am motivated by a desire to make a meaningful impact through my actions and understanding. My beliefs guide me to foster a more harmonious existence for all, nurturing a world where we can thrive together. Take care of plants, instead of plucking flowers for any purpose, it is good to take care of them.

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